It is of interest to note that, in some cases, a destination can be physically safe, but still perceived as unsafe psychologically, as in the case of the tsunami-hit beaches of Phuket, Khao Lak, and Phi Phi Island in the south of Thailand. Hence, it is suggested that tourism bureaus must dissociate an unaffected destination from a problematic destination ( Mansfeld, 2006) by promoting safer alternative destinations ( Pizam, 2002). This is because a crisis creates a ripple effect to non-affected destinations causing them to also be perceived as risky ( Cavlek, 2002). Previous studies have found that perceived risks cause more damage to destinations than actual risks ( Beirman, 2006, Hall, 1989, Mitchell and Vasso, 1997, Roehl and Fesenmaier, 1992, Tarlow, 2006), as can be seen in the reactions to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ( Chien and Law, 2003, Henderson, 2004, McKercher and Chon, 2004, Rittichainuwat and Chakarborty, 2009, Tse et al., 2006), foot and mouth disease ( Page, Yeoman, Munro, Connell, & Walker, 2006), terrorism ( Floyd et al., 2003, Reichel et al., 2007, Sönmez, 1998, Sönmez and Graefe, 1998), and tsunami ( Rittichainuwat, 2006).